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2 March 1998 SCODES.TXT
FORMAT FOR S01100.DAT/S01100.SRT
These files contain the outcome coordinates from the original D-NOMINATE
estimations along with the issue codings of the first 100 Senates that
were used in CONGRESS: A POLITICAL-ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ROLL CALL VOTING.
Every roll call vote was coded but not every roll call vote was included
in the D-NOMINATE analysis -- only roll call votes with at least 2.5%
on the minority side were included.
The current ICPSR release of the 98th Senate dataset has 10 more roll
call votes than we have in our files. We used the first release of
the 98th Senate data in our estimations. The ICPSR later revised the
dataset. Specifically, vote 159 on 21 June 1983 was originally
recorded as an "en bloc" vote on 4 treaties; vote 160 on 21 June 1983
was originally recorded as an "en bloc" vote on 2 treaties; and vote
219 on 27 July 1983 was originally recorded as an "en bloc" vote on 7
treaties. The ICPSR later split these into separate identical roll
calls in each instance yielding a difference of 10 roll calls.
In S01100.DAT the roll calls are in the same order as in the ICPSR
files. In S01100.SRT the roll calls are sorted by date within each
Senate. In the early Senates roll calls on treaties (and other
miscellaneous topics) were recorded first and then the rest of the
roll calls. Consequently, the roll calls were not ordered by date.
We found a very large number of dating errors in the original ICPSR
files. We attempted to fix them as best we could. If you find
further errors/corrections, please send E-Mail to Keith Poole
kpoole@ucsd.edu
so we can keep these files updated.
Each roll call has 3 records. The format of these records is:
1st Line -- i3,2i5,1x,i1,4i2,1x,40A1
Congress # i3
Roll Call # i5 (in order of time)
Roll Call # i5 (in order in ICPSR file)
Clausen Code i1 (See Clausen Codes below)
Peltzman Code (1st) i2 (See Peltzman Codes below)
Peltzman Code (2nd) i2
Specific Issue Code (1st) i2 (See Issue Codes below)
Specific Issue Code (2nd) i2 (This is usually empty)
Summary of Roll Call 40A1
2nd Line -- 8x,2i3,2i5,4f7.3,3i2
Month i3
Day i3
Year i5
Total Days From 1st RC i5
Distance 1st Dimension f7.3 (If the roll call was not
MidPoint 1st Dimension f7.3 scaled, these fields will
Distance 2nd Dimension f7.3 be 0.000)
MidPoint 2nd Dimension f7.3
Scaling Code i2 (0=Unconstrained, 1=Constrained,
2=Outcomes outside legislators,
9=Not Scaled)
Party-Line Vote Code i2 (0=Not Party Line, 1=50% of one
Party Against 50% second party,
2=65% vs. 65%
3=90% vs. 90%)
North vs. South i2 (0=Not Regional, 1=Minority Party
split North vs. South;
2=Majority Party Split North vs.
South
3=Both Parties Split North vs.
South
3rd Line -- 8x,8i4,10i3
Predicted Yes/Actual Yes 1 i4 First Dimension Classification
Predicted Yes/Actual No 1 i4
Predicted No /Actual Yes 1 i4
Predicted No /Actual No 1 i4
Predicted Yes/Actual Yes 2 i4 Second Dimension Classification
Predicted Yes/Actual No 2 i4
Predicted No /Actual Yes 2 i4
Predicted No /Actual No 2 i4
Number of 0,s ICPSR Data i3 Actual Counts on ICPSR Roll Call
Number of 1,s ICPSR Data i3 Codes
Number of 2,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 3,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 4,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 5,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 6,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 7,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 8,s ICPSR Data i3
Number of 9,s ICPSR Data i3
To Compute the Outcome Coordinates for the roll calls:
YEA OUTCOME 1ST DIMENSION = Midpoint 1st Dim. - Dist. 1st Dim.
NAY OUTCOME 1ST DIMENSION = Midpoint 1st Dim. + Dist. 1st Dim.
YEA OUTCOME 2ND DIMENSION = Midpoint 2ND Dim. - Dist. 2ND Dim.
NAY OUTCOME 2ND DIMENSION = Midpoint 2ND Dim. + Dist. 2ND Dim.
**PLEASE READ APPENDIX A IN OUR BOOK BEFORE USING THE YEA/NAY
**COORDINATES. THERE ARE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS WITH THE
**YEA/NAY COORDINATES IN THAT THEIR ACCURACY DEPENDS UPON THE
**LEVEL OF ERROR IN THE ROLL CALL! THE MIDPOINTS/CUTTING LINES
**ARE NOT AFFECTED AND ARE VERY ACCURATELY ESTIMATED.
**FOR A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE ESTIMATION, SEE OUR BOOK:
"CONGRESS: A POLITICAL-ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ROLL CALL VOTING",
Appendix A.
To compute the Cutting Line for the roll call, compute the
following two points:
FIRST POINT 1ST DIMENSION = Midpoint 1st Dim. + Dist. 2nd Dim.
FIRST POINT 2ND DIMENSION = Midpoint 2nd Dim. - Dist. 1st Dim.
SECOND POINT 1ST DIMENSION = Midpoint 1st Dim. - Dist. 2nd Dim.
SECOND POINT 2ND DIMENSION = Midpoint 2nd Dim. + Dist. 1st Dim.
Draw a line through these two points and it will pass through
the Midpoint.
If you have problems or questions, please send E-Mail to Keith Poole:
ktpoole@uga.edu
**************************************************************************
*****CLAUSEN CATEGORIES*****
1. Government Management
Environmental control; government regulation of business;
natural resource management; government ownership of business;
government control of the economy; budget balancing; tax policy;
interest rates; management of the bureaucracy; etc.
2. Social Welfare
Social security; public housing; urban renewal; labor
regulation; education; urban affairs; employment opportunities and
rewards; welfare; medicare; unemployment; minimum wage; legal
services; immigration, etc.
3. Agriculture
Price supports and subsidies; commodity control; acreage
limitations; etc.
4. Civil Liberties
Civil rights; equality; criminal procedure; privacy;
guarantees of the Bill of Rights; slavery; Hatch Act; etc.
5. Foreign and Defense Policy
International policy; foreign aid; aid to international
organizations; armament policy; defense procurement; international
trade; military pensions; etc.
6. Miscellaneous Policy
Unclassifiable or unidentifiable votes; all votes concerned
with internal organization of Congress; procedural motions.
*****PELTZMAN CATEGORIES*****
1. Budget General Interest
Debt limit; budget targets; revenue sharing; unemployment
insurance; tax rates; continuing appropriations; etc.
2. Budget Special Interest
Authorization/appropriations for agencies, departments;
public works; subsidized housing; NSF; parks; food stamps; etc.
3. Regulation General Interest
General tariffs; minimum wage; gasoline rationing; auto
emissions; water pollution; etc.
4. Regulation Special Interest
Union regulations; coal mine regulations; export/import
controls; fish and wildlife; etc.
5. Domestic Social Policy
Abortion; school prayer; busing; criminal code and federal
courts; immigration; gun control; Hatch Act; veterans preference;
Legal Services Corporation; voting rights; slavery; etc.
61. Defense Policy Budget
Authorization/appropriations for military; military pensions.
71. Defense Policy Resolutions
Number of Army divisions; duties of officers; etc.
62. Foreign Policy Budget
Authorization/appropriations for State Department and
international organizations; etc.
72. Foreign Policy Resolutions
Condemn/thank foreign nations; Taiwan relations; disapproval
of apartheid; etc.
8. Government Organization
Setting up new agencies/bureaus/commissions; civil service
regulations; government reorganization; Federal Election
Commission; constitutional amendments; admission of States;
census; etc.
9. Internal Organization
Election of Speaker; party ratios on committees; creating
committees; procedural rules; disputed elections; congressional
pay; etc.
10. Indian Affairs
Indian treaties; appropriations for Indian Department; Indian
lands and reservations; etc.
11. D. C.
All votes dealing with the District of Columbia.
*****SPECIFIC ISSUE CODES*****
1. Gasoline rationing/allocation
2. Fish & Wildlife
3. Tax rates
4. Budget resolution
5. Women's Equality
6. South Africa/Rhodesia
7. Amnesty (all wars)
8. Unemployment/Jobs
9. Emergency Fuel Assistance
10. Union Regulation/Davis-Bacon/Situs Picketing
11. Coal Mining Regulation/Strip Mining/Black Lung
12. Arms Control
13. U. N.
14. Panama Canal
15. Food Stamps/Food Programs
16. Human Rights
17. Pollution and Environmental Protection
18. Welfare and Medicaid
19. OSHA
20. Civil Rights/Desegregation/Busing/Affirmative Action
21. Abortion/Care of deformed newborns
22. Homosexuality
23. B-1 Bomber and Stealth (B-2)
24. Shipping/Maritime
25. Agriculture
26. Minimum Wage
27. Breeder Reactor
28. Neutron Bomb
29. Consumer Protection Agency/Consumer Protection
30. Taiwan
31. SST
32. MX Missile
33. School Prayer
34. Nuclear Power
35. Selective Service (The Draft)
36. Vietnam War
37. Public Lands
38. Investigations
39. Alien and Sedition Laws
40. Religion
41. Election of House Officers
42. Civil Service and Patronage
43. Election of the Speaker of the House
44. Presidential Impeachment
45. Education
46. Parks and Conservation
47. Banking and Finance
48. Campaign Contributions/House Ethics/Lobbying/Campaign Laws
49. Electoral Votes
50. Tariffs and Trade Regulation
51. Constitutional Amendments
52. Slavery
53. National Bank
54. Disputed Elections to Congress
55. Military Pensions/Veterans Benefits
56. Mediterranean Pirates
57. Whiskey Rebellion
58. Treaties
59. Immigration/Naturalization
60. Public Works
61. Voting Rights
62. Ratio of Representatives to Population
63. Congressional Pay and Benefits
64. States Rights vs. Federal Government
65. Supreme Court
66. Humanitarian Assistance (foreign)
67. Exchange Rates
68. Nullification/Secession/Reconstruction
69. Temperance and Liquor
70. U.S. Currency
71. Science and Technology
72. Workplace conditions/8 hour day
73. Minorities (non-black)
74. Judiciary
75. Impeachment of Officials Other than the President
76. Public Safety
77. Interstate Commerce/Anti-trust/Restraint of Commerce
78. Children (aid, infant mortality, etc.)
79. WWI
80. Public Health
81. Narcotics
82. Firearms
83. Radio/Television/Motion Pictures/Telecommunications
84. Airlines/Airports/Airline Industry
85. Peace Movements/Pacifism/Anti-Military
86. Social Security
87. Communists/Communism/Unamerican Activities
88. Housing/Housing Programs/Rent Control
89. Price Controls
90. Debt Ceilings
91. Nuclear Weapons
92. CIA/Spying/Intelligence
93. Korean War
94. Space Exploration/NASA
95. Handicapped
96. Energy
97. Central America
98. Iran and Iraq
99. Railroads
100. National Endowment for the Arts
101. Corp. for Public Broadcasting
102. Death Penalty
103. Medicare
104. Haiti
105. HIV & AIDS
106. Tobacco
*****SPECIFIC ISSUE CODES SORTED BY ALPHABET*****
21. Abortion/Care of deformed newborns
25. Agriculture
84. Airlines/Airports/Airline Industry
39. Alien and Sedition Laws
7. Amnesty (all wars)
12. Arms Control
23. B-1 Bomber and Stealth (B-2)
47. Banking and Finance
27. Breeder Reactor
4. Budget resolution
92. CIA/Spying/Intelligence
48. Campaign Contributions/House Ethics/Lobbying/Campaign Laws
97. Central America
78. Children (aid, infant mortality, etc.)
20. Civil Rights/Desegregation/Busing/Affirmative Action
42. Civil Service and Patronage
11. Coal Mining Regulation/Strip Mining/Black Lung
87. Communists/Communism/Unamerican Activities
63. Congressional Pay and Benefits
51. Constitutional Amendments
29. Consumer Protection Agency/Consumer Protection
101. Corp. for Public Broadcasting
102. Death Penalty
90. Debt Ceilings
54. Disputed Elections to Congress
45. Education
41. Election of House Officers
43. Election of the Speaker of the House
49. Electoral Votes
9. Emergency Fuel Assistance
96. Energy
67. Exchange Rates
82. Firearms
2. Fish & Wildlife
15. Food Stamps/Food Programs
1. Gasoline rationing/allocation
104. Haiti
105. HIV & AIDS
95. Handicapped
22. Homosexuality
88. Housing/Housing Programs/Rent Control
16. Human Rights
66. Humanitarian Assistance (foreign)
59. Immigration/Naturalization
75. Impeachment of Officials Other than the President
38. Investigations
77. Interstate Commerce/Anti-trust/Restraint of Commerce
98. Iran and Iraq
74. Judiciary
93. Korean War
32. MX Missile
103. Medicare
56. Mediterranean Pirates
55. Military Pensions/Veterans Benefits
26. Minimum Wage
73. Minorities (non-black)
81. Narcotics
53. National Bank
100. National Endowment for the Arts
28. Neutron Bomb
34. Nuclear Power
91. Nuclear Weapons
68. Nullification/Secession/Reconstruction
19. OSHA
14. Panama Canal
46. Parks and Conservation
85. Peace Movements/Pacifism/Anti-Military
17. Pollution and Environmental Protection
44. Presidential Impeachment
89. Price Controls
80. Public Health
37. Public Lands
76. Public Safety
60. Public Works
83. Radio/Television/Motion Pictures/Telecommunications
99. Railroads
62. Ratio of Representatives to Population
40. Religion
31. SST
33. School Prayer
71. Science and Technology
35. Selective Service (The Draft)
24. Shipping/Maritime
52. Slavery
86. Social Security
6. South Africa/Rhodesia
94. Space Exploration/NASA
64. States Rights vs. Federal Government
65. Supreme Court
30. Taiwan
50. Tariffs and Trade Regulation
3. Tax rates
69. Temperance and Liquor
106. Tobacco
58. Treaties
13. U. N.
70. U.S. Currency
8. Unemployment/Jobs
10. Union Regulation/Davis-Bacon/Situs Picketing
36. Vietnam War
61. Voting Rights
79. WWI
18. Welfare and Medicaid
57. Whiskey Rebellion
5. Women's Equality
72. Workplace conditions/8 hour day